Low-Emission Zones Linked to Improved Air Quality and Public Health in Belgium

[stevegamer]

A team of health and environmental researchers from several Belgian institutions, commissioned by the health insurer Mutualités Libres, has found that low-emission zones (LEZs) contribute significantly to cleaner urban air. Their findings, published in Environment International, are based on a comparative analysis of air quality data collected from LEZs and matched sites in cities without such zones.


Over recent decades, growing evidence of the harmful effects of air pollution—particularly on the lungs—has prompted urban planners to create healthier environments. These efforts have included green spaces and, more recently, the implementation of LEZs, areas where high-emission vehicles are restricted or banned, often allowing only electric or low-emission vehicles.


To assess the impact of LEZs, the researchers analyzed air samples from Brussels and Antwerp—two cities that have recently introduced such zones. They compared data collected before and after the LEZs were established, as well as measurements from other urban areas across Belgium.

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The study revealed that both particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide levels declined more sharply in LEZs than in surrounding city areas and in comparable zones in cities without LEZs. The researchers also observed that improvements in air quality extended up to 5 kilometers beyond the LEZ boundaries.


Mutualités Libres highlighted that air pollution contributes not only to various respiratory illnesses, including COPD and cancer, but also to increased healthcare spending. The health risks associated with nitrogen dioxide, in particular, include a higher likelihood of developing diabetes.


By linking air quality data with health records of individuals insured by Mutualités Libres, the researchers found a slower increase in the use of antidiabetic medication among residents living in or near LEZs, compared to those in other parts of the cities. This suggests that LEZs may offer measurable health benefits in addition to environmental improvements.